What is the difference between "characteristic value" and "rated characteristic value"?

Difference between "Datasheet" and "Test Protocol" or "Calibration Certificate"

The terms are defined in the VDI 2638 (for force sensors) and VDI 2639 (for torque sensors).
the characteristic value is the actual output of the sensor. So this is defined in the test report or in the calibration certificate.
The rated characteristic value (or rated sensitivity) is the "target" (theoretical value) for the characteristic value. The rated sensitivity is therefore defined in the generally technical data sheet for this sensor type (not in the protocol for a specific and real sensor).